HIPPA Compliance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HIPPA Compliance - Research Paper Example It is obviously obvious from the conversation that HIPAA Security Rule doles out the control and observing over Administrative Safeguards to a security official, what responsibility's identity is to create and actualize the approaches and systems (hole investigation, logs review, and so forth). Likewise, this measure is somewhat administered by  § 164.312 (an) of Security Rule, Technical Safeguards, that commits elements to build up specialized arrangements that award access to electronic information just to approved individuals and programming. The subsequent remedial activity offered by Providence Health and Services which is to be executed to improve off-site transport and capacity of electronic information falls under  § 164.310 of Security Rule, Physical Safeguards, especially  § 164.310 (d) containing methodology on media and equipment expulsion and transportation, and  § 164.310 (b and c), indicating workstations use and security, including physical protections for all workstations. Workstation access to data is to be restricted carefully to the expected set of responsibilities. In addition, the utilization and removal of different stockpiling gadgets, for example, plates, tapes, text informing and camera cell gadgets must be archived. The third restorative advance by Providence Health and Services, including workforce preparing of the shields, falls under  § 164.308 (5), Administrative shields, which spread a usage of a security mindfulness and preparing programs, including security updates and updates, strategies for assurance from noxious programming, login observing and secret phrase the board. The preparation programs expect to invigorate mindfulness about the powerlessness of information inside the electronic framework.

The 3 Types of Joints in the Body

The 3 Types of Joints in the Body Bones meet up at places in the body called joints, which empower us to move our bodies in various manners. Key Takeaways: Joints Joints are areas in the body where bones meet. They empower development and are characterized by either their structure or function.Structural arrangements of joints incorporate sinewy, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.Functional orders of joints incorporate steady, marginally portable, and uninhibitedly mobile joints.Freely versatile (synovial) joints are generally bounteous and incorporate six sorts: rotate, pivot, condyloid, seat, plane, and ball-and-attachment joints. There are three sorts of joints in the body. Synovial joints are unreservedly portable and take into account movement at the area where bones meet. They give a wide scope of movement and adaptability. Different joints give greater strength and less adaptability. Bones at cartilaginous joints associated via ligament and are marginally versatile. Bones at sinewy joints are enduring and associated by stringy connective tissue. Joints can be ordered by either their structure or capacity. Auxiliary orders depend on how the bones at joints are associated. Sinewy, synovial, and cartilaginous are auxiliary groupings of joints. Characterizations dependent on joint capacity consider how versatile bones are at joint areas. These arrangements incorporate enduring (synarthrosis), somewhat portable (amphiarthrosis), and unreservedly versatile (diarthrosis) joints. Unfaltering (Fibrous) Joints <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hMqGUSE3bpR2-PAPnFlOKXRSxmc=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skull_sutures-5b6ef3d946e0fb002cc029cc.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/1FpFaXoWMuoKzuqNBiuvkOSO9y0=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skull_sutures-5b6ef3d946e0fb002cc029cc.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/sQ6ggvGOa2NqmtEkfPcIxikLqlo=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skull_sutures-5b6ef3d946e0fb002cc029cc.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YXFFA0Iny2FOOEO3hAkqTNznSj0=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skull_sutures-5b6ef3d946e0fb002cc029cc.jpg 1500w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/A1qKVIcFAmb1FK100Zk2Jh7s8AY=/1500x1000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skull_sutures-5b6ef3d946e0fb002cc029cc.jpg src=//:0 alt=Diagram indicating skull from various points with bones obvious on a white foundation. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-10 information following container=true /> Stringy joints hold skull bones together to ensure the cerebrum. Leonello Calvetti/Stocktrek Images/Getty Images Steady or sinewy joints are those that don't permit development (or take into account truth be told, extremely slight development) at joint areas. Bones at these joints have no joint hole and are held together fundamentally by thick stringy connective tissue, normally collagen. These joints are significant for strength and assurance. There are three sorts of steady joints: stitches, syndesmosis, and gomphosis. Stitches: These thin sinewy joints associate bones of the skull (barring the jaw bone). In grown-ups, the bones are held firmly together to ensure the mind and help shape the face. In babies and newborn children, bones at these joints are isolated by a bigger territory of connective tissue and are progressively adaptable. Extra time, cranial bones meld giving greater soundness and security to the brain.Syndesmosis: This kind of stringy joint interfaces two bones that are moderately far separated. The bones are connected by tendons or a thick film (interosseous layer). A syndesmosis can be found between the bones of the lower arm (ulna and span) and between the two long bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula).Gomphosis: This kind of stringy joint holds a tooth set up in its attachment in the upper and lower jaw. A gomphosis is a special case to the standard that joints associate unresolved issue, as it interfaces teeth to bone. This specific joint is additionally called a peg and at tachment joint and takes into consideration constrained to no development. Marginally Movable (Cartilaginous) Joints <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MqJgvIw7GxVa6gR8fscMGrJeTVs=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lumbar_vertebrae-5b6ef83e46e0fb005025872a.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/cHS67-p8LfFiAMp-LIkXnxgDegY=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lumbar_vertebrae-5b6ef83e46e0fb005025872a.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/GCslHOnQlyMCIIaE7lue1SDub0s=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lumbar_vertebrae-5b6ef83e46e0fb005025872a.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ibZU-gdTf_c5MeGhFS3QCTmzhNw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lumbar_vertebrae-5b6ef83e46e0fb005025872a.jpg 1500w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3DtD8sUZkn-VDg9NGOYTnHGhh84=/1500x1000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lumbar_vertebrae-5b6ef83e46e0fb005025872a.jpg src=//:0 alt=Diagram demonstrating lumbar vertebrae and joints on a white foundation. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-18 information following container=true /> Intervertebral plates are cartilaginous joints, made out of thick fibrocartilage, that help bones while permitting constrained development. MedicalRF.com/Getty Images Marginally versatile joints license some development yet give less solidness than relentless joints. These joints can be fundamentally named cartilaginous joints, as bones are associated via ligament at the joints. Ligament is an intense, flexible connective tissue that assists with lessening erosion between bones. Two sorts of ligament might be found at cartilaginous joints: hyaline ligament and fibrocartilage. Hyaline ligament is truly adaptable and versatile, while fibrocartilage is more grounded and less adaptable. Cartilaginous joints shaped with hyaline ligament can be found between specific bones of the rib confine. Intervertebral plates situated between spinal vertebrae are instances of somewhat mobile joints made out of fibrocartilage. The fibrocartilage offers help for bones while taking into consideration constrained development. These are significant capacities as it identifies with the spinal segment as spinal vertebrae help to ensure the spinal line. The pubic symphysis (which interfaces the privilege and left hip bones) is another case of a cartilaginous joint that joins bones with fibrocartilage. The pubic symphysis assists with supporting and settle the pelvis. Uninhibitedly Movable (Synovial) Joints <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7EfSb15WgRA6_TvbDOwRwKy9L7E=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/synovial_joint-5b6efd4c46e0fb00253e4c5e.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/SLZTWQju1WOxHD80mHPzlfvzoe8=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/synovial_joint-5b6efd4c46e0fb00253e4c5e.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/86QNpOzddiLpmucB04MOsfhAIA4=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/synovial_joint-5b6efd4c46e0fb00253e4c5e.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/LLEYZTFly1MsqLQYHbzgzSyPnDg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/synovial_joint-5b6efd4c46e0fb00253e4c5e.jpg 1500w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/QcaTIGu2nD_k4IquIJi3nz24XP4=/1500x1000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/synovial_joint-5b6efd4c46e0fb00253e4c5e.jpg src=//:0 alt=Synovial joint outline with names on a white foundation. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-24 information following container=true /> Synovial joints are uninhibitedly portable and give the best level of versatility. OpenStax College/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY 3.0 Uninhibitedly portable joints are characterized basically as synovial joints. In contrast to stringy and cartilaginous joints, synovial joints have a joint hole (liquids of synovial joints remember joints for the wrist, elbow, knees, shoulders, and hip. Three principle basic parts are found in every synovial joint and incorporate a synovial cavity, articular container, and articular ligament. Synovial Cavity: This space between nearby bones is loaded up with synovial liquid and is the place bones can move unreservedly comparable to each another. Synovial liquid assists with forestalling grinding between bones.Articular Capsule: Composed of stringy connective tissue, this case encompasses the joint and associates with neighboring bones. The internal layer of the container is fixed with a synovial film that delivers the thick synovial fluid.Articular Cartilage: Within the articular case, the adjusted parts of the bargains are secured with smooth articular (identifying with joints) ligament made out of hyaline ligament. Articular ligament assimilates stun and gives a smooth surface to familiar developments. Moreover, bones at synovial joints might be upheld by structures outside of the joint, for example, tendons, ligaments, and bursae (liquid filled sacs that decrease contact between supporting structures at joints). Kinds of Synovial Joints in the Body <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/TjuIk0Yw5o95pmRNXBD20HMK1x4=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/types_of_synovial_joints-5b6f001e4cedfd00251806ae.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/4wRCVXWifPJbleXwlvGq76zGBw0=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/types_of_synovial_joints-5b6f001e4cedfd00251806ae.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/SZMJRMlyqxQE0Goi_3XxSrwLgSI=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/types_of_synovial_joints-5b6f001e4cedfd00251806ae.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/fAe

Emerging Technologies and Innovation Issues of Justice and Fairness

Question: Talk about the Emerging Technologies and Innovation for Issues of Justice and Fairness. Answer: Presentation The underneath contextual investigations are been looked into dependent on the given contextual analyses and it be disclosed as for issues of equity and decency. The conversation additionally expresses that what the correct thing to be done is. The archive clarifies about that how the automatons are affecting human lives and how the computerized reasoning is turning into a risk to humankind. What is the human effect on the utilization of automatons? Equity and Fairness it referenced that everybody ought to be dealt with similarly and on explicit and cement to a specific case. The issue of equity, for this situation, is that the nations like USA and other people who make rambles are utilizing it for executing foes which is acceptable (Goldman Cropanzano, 2015). In any case, the inquiry remains here is that on the off chance that it is reasonable or uncalled for to take somebody life or do the individual, or an association has a privilege to do as such? regardless of whether it is for a decent motivation. The explanation of equity that is bombed for this situation since they may have executed the individual for a decent motivation however because of those different lives was additionally influenced. The automaton may be the best human weapon stage at any point made, yet it has conveyed the expenses of nearby networks and regular citizens (Vas et al., 2015). Presently this is totally off-base and doesn't legitimize the case in any respects. Equity and Fairness are not satisfied here in this occasion of Drones since it is worked by others remotely. Yet, the manner in which it is utilized isn't right in light of the fact that the results may be correct that in the event that one is murdered it can spare different lives, yet during that procedure of decimating it is removing the joy of others unintentionally (Karlsrud Rosn, 2013). The correct activity is that the automaton can be used for nations reconnaissance and security reason with the goal that the rockets and weapons can't hurt guiltless people groups and remove their families and companions satisfaction. In the event that the automatons are utilized with weapons stacked on it, at that point we need to ensure that it doesn't influence others satisfaction, in light of the fact that during the procedure of automaton assault different lives are likewise yielded which is absolutely off-base. There ought to be a sure rights to be applied to the nation who needs to utilize rambles for their security that it ought not hurt the blameless people (West Bowman, 2016). The automatons can't be utilized to execute individuals on the grounds that by the use of automatons other blameless individuals' lives are be driven into dimness, and their loved ones are enduring the agony. Is Artificial Intelligence a Threat to Humanity? Man-made consciousness is an inescapable threat in the coming decades. As per the hypothesis of equity and reasonableness is portray that everybody ought to be dealt with similarly yet for this situation, it appears that in the coming years the Artificial Intelligence will overwhelm the mankind and the hypothesis of equity and decency will be fizzled (Warwick, 2013). Truly, it is a risk to mankind, and it should be tended to on a genuine note to ensure that the computerized reasoning is constrained. The man-made consciousness will remove the bliss from people since they will be treated as a solitary substance on work and other social exercises. In the present advanced world, people have just relied upon computerized reasoning through cell phones and PC (George, 2014). Some of them may not concur, yet the facts confirm that Artificial knowledge makes our assignment a lot simpler for us to perform. It is supplanting the human point of view and building up its reasoning procedure which is a risk to mankind since they are a lot more astute than human cerebrums and snappier as well. The AI hazard can't be killed everlastingly, however it very well may be reasonable as it were. The proper activity is that their man-made reasoning should be utilized in driving deals; it tends to be utilized in deals so nobody can be late at their work. It tends to be utilized in shrewd weapons since they can help officers in the condition of war. It very well may be used in numerous authoritative undertakings, for example, attendances, bottles, and so forth. The proper activity is that we can apply credit knowledge to business items to utilize it. The most ideal approach to diminish the danger is to direct Artificial insight. End The record reason that how the equity and Fairness is connected with the contextual investigations and what are the correct things that we can done that can decrease the dangers identified with the contextual investigations. The general thought of this report is to comprehend the idea of Justice and Fairness regarding its results. References George, F. (2014). Machine takeover: the developing risk to human opportunity in a PC controlled society. Elsevier. Goldman, B., Cropanzano, R. (2015). Equity and decency are not something very similar. Diary of Organizational Behavior, 36(2), 313-318. Karlsrud, J., Rosn, F. (2013). In the Eye of the Beholder? UN and the Use of Drones to Protect Civilians. Strength: International Journal of Security and Development, 2(2). Vas, E., Lescrol, A., Duriez, O., Boguszewski, G., Grmillet, D. (2015). Moving toward winged creatures with rambles: first tests and moral rules. Science letters, 11(2), 20140754. Warwick, K. (2013). Man-made consciousness: the rudiments. Routledge. West, J. P., Bowman, J. S. (2016). The Domestic Use of Drones: An Ethical Analysis of Surveillance Issues. Open Administration Review.

The Impact of Child Abuse on A Child’s Future Life - 2200 Words

The Impact of Child Abuse on A Child's Future Life (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Impact of Child Abuse on A Childs Future LifeStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationThe Impact of Child Abuse on A Childs Future LifeIntroductionPrimarily, the study endeavors to review the prevalent societal phenomenon of child abuse comprehensively. In essence, the study seeks to bring out child abuse as a major concern among many phenomena today. Further, the paper will revisit acts of child abuse and the various legal implications thereto. Moreover, the paper will delve into analyzing several scholarly articles that address multifaceted issues germane to child abuse. Additionally, the research shall analyze the prevalence of child abuse in the society. Child abuse takes diverse forms, thus, this paper will explain in details the different forms of child abuse that include sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and abandonment among others.The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect at one time compared the definitions of what constituted ch ild abuse .According to their study, child abuse constituted all acts of sexual abuse, physical ill-treatment, neglect and threats to the survival, and health of the child. The definition given covers a broad spectrum of various acts of abuse. Specifically, the definition of child abuse, according to the writers, is limited to the acts or omissions by parents or caregivers that cause four types of maltreatment to the child. The four acts of maltreatment include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and child neglect.Additionally, quite a number of risk factors that make children vulnerable to abuse have been highlighted. Age has been identified as a risk factor for child abuse. Age is mostly associated with physical and sexual abuse. In reviews of infants in deaths in countries like Fiji, Germany, and Senegal, the majority of victims were less than two years of age. Chiefly, in China, there is a high prevalence of non-fatal abuse of children aged between three and six years . Sexual abuse, on the other hand, is usually higher in children who have attained puberty age. Additionally, sex is another risk factor in child abuse in most countries. For instance, in most countries, girls are at a higher risk of being sexually abused than the male children. Equally, girls are at a higher risk of infanticide, educational neglect, and forced prostitution than boys. Globally, more than 130 million children do not receive a proper education. Chiefly, more than sixty percent of those children are girls. However, male children are at a higher risk of being physically mistreated in war-torn countries.Research QuestionsIn order to achieve the objectives of the research, it is important to identify the research questions that are relevant to this study. The following questions are hereby posed: 1 What is the extent of the impact of child abuse on children in the society? 2 What is the extent of criminal delinquency on children who have been abused? 3 Does this abuse ge nerally affect their day to day activities?Literature ReviewHerrenkohl, T., Cynthia, S., Emiko, T. (2008). Intersection of Child Abuse and Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence. Criminology .Children who had been sexually abused or exposed to domestic family violence earlier in their lives had the capacity of developing delinquent and criminal behaviors later on in life. Herenkohl, Cythian and Emiko (2008) link the effects of child abuse to criminal consequences that form later on in the victims life. Notably, the author has specifically dwelt on sexual abuse. Further, the author has based her findings on clinical reports from experts. Clinical studies have concluded that other ancillary impacts incidental to such sexual abuse include sexual disturbance, re-victimization, suicide, and post-sexual abuse syndrome CITATION Her08 \l 1033 (Herrenkohl, Cynthia, Emiko, 2008). In this case, a considerable percentage of juvenile offenders who are arrested are usually found to have been exposed to one or more forms of child abuse including exposure to domestic violence.Mersky, J., James, T., Arthur, R. (2012). Unsafe at Any Age Linking Childhood and Adolescent Maltreatment to Delinquency and Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 49 (2), 295-318.Mersky and Reynolds (2012) highlight the linkage between childhood mistreatment and criminal deliquescence during adulthood. They conduct a study where a comparison of the effects of childhood maltreatment and adolescent maltreatment on delinquency and crime has been drawn. The study has delved in exploring both violent and non violent crimes. The study primarily relied on data obtained from the Chicago Longitudinal Study. In essence, the study envisaged an investigation of 1539 unprivileged child subjects. The overall results of the research revealed that the levels of all sorts of crimes including drug, violent and property offenses were high among the adolescent and childhood maltreated victims. There w as a higher criminal culpability in the people who had been maltreated in their childhood than the non-maltreated fellows (Mersky, James, Arthur, 2012). The researchers discovered that childhood maltreatment was perpetrated by the parents or caregivers. The perpetrators viewed such as a measure of preventing criminal activities among the children. The effects of adolescent maltreatment on adult crimes were subtle. Te researchers concluded that maltreatment at any age had the effect of increasing the risk of future offending. They suggest that laying interventional strategies during childhood and adolescent are likely to reduce criminal delinquency.Finkelhor, D., Jones, L. (2006). Why Have child Maltreatment and Child Victimization Declined?. Journal of Social Issues, 62(4), 685-716.Finkelnor and Jones (2006) have highlighted the types of child maltreatment and victimization that occur in societies. The writers identify many forms of child abuse. In particular, they identify sexu al abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse as the subsisting acts of child abuse. They opine that child victimization and abuse has declined as much as 40% to 70% from 1993 to 2004. The writers have endeavored to give an explanation underpinning the prevalence of child abuse. They agree that some of the child welfare indicators like teenage pregnancies, teenage suicide and children living in poverty improved during that period.Kitzmann, K., Noni, G., Aimee, H., Erin, K. (2003). Child Witnesses to Domestic Violence: a Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 (2), 339.Kitzmann and Holt (2003) wrote an article on domestic violence. The article entails a typical mega research conducted to expose the prevalence of inter-parental violence. The mega research encompassed 118 studies of the psychological outcomes of minors exposed to inter-parental violence. The studies showed a major association between exposure and child problems. In essence, children who li ved in verbally aggressive homes became victims of domestic violent abuse. Witnesses were equally enjoined in the study. The final result showed that the witnesses outcomes were not largely distinct from the children who had been physically abused (Kitzmann, Noni, Aimee, Erin, 2003). However, many methodological variables were used to moderate the results. Similarly, the conglomeration of studies revealed that there was a greater risk of domestic abuse of children among the preschoolers. Children who had not attained the school going age had a higher chance of being abused as compared to those in schools.Research DesignCritically, the research is geared towards exploring the fundamental aspects of child abuse. For instance, the research would answer what constitutes child abuse and the various manifestations of child abuse in the society. In answering such a question, the study will take into account various theories present in modern criminology. Further, the research will review the intersection between these theories of criminology and child maltreatment. The research will try to answer the question as to who are responsible for child abuse. Accordingly, parents and caregivers are primarily responsible for child abuse cases. The forms and prevalence of child abuse are significant in this study. In tackling the prevalence of child maltreatment, the risk factors identified above shall be considered. The research would not have proved a point in the absence of offering a long lasting answer to the subsisting problem of child abuse.The research will majorly rely on collected data from institutions websites. Typically, the website is an informative website that deals with child matters all over the world. The website has reports concerning child welfare issues in countries all over the world. This online site has protective service reports and child abuse statistics. In particular, the website bears information on child protection and risk assessment. It go es forth to give statistics on child abuse in various countries. The site is equally linked to the United Nations. However, at some point, the study will take the form of interviewing members of the immediate society. There will be interviewing of specific individuals of the society on their views of child abuse. However, the research will mostly rely on raw data from institutions that deal with child matters and rights. Additionally, information from the institutions websites will be important. Other on-line sources shall be equally used. For instance, the child welfare website will be utterly beneficial to the research. The website has comparative information covering many countries in the world. It is important to do a comparative analysis of child abuse experiences in diverse countries. This is fundamental because different countries have di...

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1141 Words

The Great Gatsby Essay In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Nick – the narrator – is an incredibly observant and perceptive young man who is quick to notice the subtext hidden under people and their relationships. Nick uses the imagery of windows frequently in his descriptions of significant people and decisive events to express his observations of the unspoken truths these people and events hold. Because Nick is interested in having deep insight and observation into the lives other people lead, he often uses the imagery of windows in his narrative, allowing him to demonstrate his ability to see through people’s inner lives, particularly Tom and Daisy Buchanan’s. Nick demonstrates a profound interest in observing other humans and their lives, and uses the imagery of windows to demonstrate his ability to do so. First and foremost, he â€Å"[imagines] that in a few minutes [he] was going to enter [people’s] lives, and no one would ever know or disapprove† (56), demonstrating a desire to understand people at a non-superficial level. Furthermore, Nick describes how he was going to â€Å"become again that most limited of specialists, the ‘well-rounded man.’ This isn’t just an epigram – life is much more successfully looked at from a single window, after all† (4). This is the first instance in which Nick uses the imagery of looking through windows to refer to observation of human nature. He further develops this analogy on page 35; he says: â€Å"yet high over the city our line of yellowShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. 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There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Legal Analysis of Indirect Expropriation Claim Under...

WRITING SAMPLE Kiho Kim 101 Cherry Ave. Bethpage, NY 11714 (070) 8624-1462 The attached writing sample is an excerpt from a research paper submitted for the international business transaction course of Hofstra School of Law. This research paper addresses potential controversies arising from the investment provisions of KOR-US FTA, particularly focusing on indirect expropriation claims under KOR-US FTA. The beginning chapter provides a brief history of expropriation provisions in bilateral investment treaty. The second chapter discusses indirect expropriation provisions of the NAFTA Chapter 11 and the relevant case law. The final chapter analyzes detailed criteria to review indirect expropriation claims in the context of KOR-US FTA. 0†¦show more content†¦5 See Kenneth J. Vandevelde, The Bilateral Investment Treaty Program of the United States, 21 Cornell Int’l L.J. 201 (1998); see also M.S. Bergman, Bilateral Investment Protection Treaties: An Examination of the Evolution and Significance of the U. S. Prototype Treaty, 16 N.Y.U. J. Int’l Law Pol’y 1 (1983). 6 See United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Bilateral Investment Treaties in the Mid1990s, at 8-10, U.N. Doc. UNCTAD/ITE/IIT/7, U.N. Sales No. E98.II.D.8 (1998). For an updated list of texts of bilateral treaties to which the United States is a party; see also U.S. Bilateral Investment Treaty Program, List of U.S. Bilateral Investment Treaties, http://www.state.gov/www/issues/economic/7treaty.html. 7 See Mohamed I. Khalil, Treatment of Foreign Investment in Bilateral Investment Treaties, ICSID Rev.–Foreign Inv. L.J., 374-75 (1992). 3 4 The expropriation provisions in the recent BITs went much further beyond protection guaranteed under Hull Formula. Most of the current BITs require compensation not only for direct expropriation of property, but also for â€Å"indirect expropriation† – accomplished indirectly through measures equivalent to expropriation or nationalization.8 Also, many of the recent BITs provide with foreign investors a separate dispute settlement measure through the World Bank’s International Centre for the Settlement of InvestmentShow MoreRelatedLegal Analysis of Indirect Expropriation Claim Under Korea-Us Fta3592 Words   |  15 PagesKOR-US FTA, particularly focusing on indirect expropriation claims under KOR-US FTA. The beginning chapter provides a brief history of expropriation provisions in bilateral investment treaty. The second chapter discusses indirect expropriation provisions of the NAFTA Chapter 11 and the relevant case law. The final chapter analyzes detailed criteria to review indirect expropriation claims in the context of KOR-US FTA. 0 LEGAL ANAYSIS OF INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION CLAIMS UNDER KOR-US FTA

Use Of Title In Cry, The Beloved Country Essay Example For Students

Use Of Title In Cry, The Beloved Country Essay Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, takes place in1946 near the small rural town of Ixopo in the smaller village of Ndotsheni. The main character is Stephen Kumalo, a native priest who sets out on a mission to find his family. He receives a letter from a fellow priest, Msimangu, telling him his younger sister is ill. Kumalo decides he must go to Johannesburg to help his sister. He also hopes to find his only son and see if his brother is well because they too have gone away to Johannesburg. He arrives and with his new friend, Msimangu, searches for his sister and his son. He finds his sister and decides to take her and her son with him to Ndotsheni. He then speaks to his brother who has changed and forgotten his family. His brother helps get them started on their mission to find his son, Absalom. He eventually finds his son, but finds him in prison. Absalom murdered the only son of James Jarvis, a white man. A trial is held and Absalom is sentenced to death. Kumalo returns to hi s village and has suffered great pain but is welcomed. Through the tragedy he has made a connection with James Jarvis despite the fact his son murdered his. Jarvis is understanding and the two begin to rebuild the Ndotsheni community. In Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, one of the major themes is white destruction of South African’s native tribes. In the novel, whites come to South Africa in search of gold and use natives as their source of labor. They break apart the tribe and offer nothing to replace the broken homes. The title of the novel supports the pain that the white man’s destruction of the tribe is causing to the beloved country of Africa. The title of the novel tells of the pain the natives of South Africa experience. They cry on behalf of their country that they are watching go to waste. From the very beginning of the novel, the reader reads of a beautiful and rich valley. Then Paton goes on to describe the valley where the main character, Kumalo, l ives. It is barren and â€Å"cannot hold the rain.† It is a valley of â€Å"old men and old women† that is deteriorating because the young people are not there to help take care of it (33-34). They all leave and go to the mines and the big cities, for the white man has convinced them this is where they belong. The natives move to the cities to look for opportunities, but are only suppressed by the white man. The whites keep the natives stupid and do not want them to have more money or become smarter. They push the natives down for they fear â€Å" a better-paid labour will also read more, think more, ask more, and will not be content to be forever voiceless and inferior† (110). The whites feel threatened by the possibility of equality with the natives. Therefore they deny them money, education and power so there will be no chance of equality. The natives mostly cry because the whites split their tribes apart and their traditions are dying. The first time the title appears in the novel it reads: Cry for the broken tribe, for the law and the custom that is gone. Aye, and cry aloud for the man who is dead , for these women and children bereaved. Cry, the beloved country, these things are not yet at an end. The sun pours down on the earth, on the lovely land that man cannot enjoy. He knows only the fear of his heart. (104-105)The natives are realizing they have lost many of the things that they hold dear. The white man is breaking their tribes and customs but there is nothing offered to replace it. There are few links between the white man and the black man and when one of them is broken, it is a great loss. The man who was killed was a link and a defender of the natives’ rights. He was murdered and this has caused the whites to fear and suppress the natives further. The natives have fear in their hearts because they s ee their families falling apart and fear it will only continue. The natives see the things around them falling apart and can do little to prevent it from continuing. .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 , .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .postImageUrl , .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 , .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11:hover , .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11:visited , .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11:active { border:0!important; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11:active , .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11 .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue2a0eb35347da48c986c9887bf38dd11:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Project Analysis Of New Wembley Stadium Construction EssayThe people of South Africa are beginning to realize that not only is the tribe deteriorating, but also the people in general are beginning to deteriorate. The white man fears the crimes the natives are committing, but in fact, they are the ones responsible. When the white man takes away the tribal system, he is taking away the moral system of the natives. The reason the natives turn to crime is because their â€Å"simple system of order and tradition and convention has been destroyed† by the white man (179). Whites rob natives of their traditional moral system and replace it with nothing. This leaves the nati ves with no foundation for their morals and leads them towards a dishonest life. A priest in the novel says, â€Å"The tragedy is not that things are broken. The tragedy is that they are not mended again†¦It suited the white man to break the tribe, but it has not suited him to build something in the place of what is broken† (56). The white man fears the natives will become smart and powerful and overcome the superiority of the white race. However, because the white man exploits the natives for their personal gain instead of helping them, not just a tribal system declines, but a â€Å"whole people deteriorates† (179). The natives turn to crime because their moral system has been destroyed and there is no where else to turn. Therefore, the whites simply blame the natives for their problems instead of looking for a solution to help them all. Another thing the people of South Africa cry for is fear. They cannot enjoy the land when there is fear living inside all of them. They mostly fear the growing lawlessness of the country, yet they do not understand how to restore the law. Not all the white men are ignorant to the problems of the country and one of them says, â€Å"We shall always have native crime to fear until the native people of this country have worthy purposes to inspire them and worthy goals to work for† (107). However, the white man fears the industrious native almost as much as he fears the idle one. Because the white man can not make up his mind, nothing is done and the quality of life of the native is what is suffering. The native families are split up so they can work in the mines for the white man and their purposes in life are clouded. They have no worthy purposes because the white man will not allow them any. The natives of South Africa are crying for their beloved country. They see it is in trouble and they cry out to help it. They continue working and praying for the dawn of a new Africa. They hope for a dawn of â€Å"emancipation, from the fear of bondage and the bondage of fear† (312). This novel should be included in a list of works of high literary merit because of the impact it had on its readers. Paton wrote this book for enjoyment but also to prove a point. Through his novel, he told the story of South African natives that were in need of help. He has moving characters that give the reader a sense of compassion toward the natives. The events that unfold were important during the time that the novel was written, but will always apply to issues that unfold in our world today. BibliographyPaton, Alan. Cry, the Beloved CountrySocial Issues

Jennifer Lopez Essays - Selena, Jennifer Lopez, Notaries

Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez was born in the Bronx, New York on July 20, 1970. She is the daughter of a computer specialist Kindergarten teacher. Lopez always knew se wanted to be a performer. She started her showbiz career by appearing in the chorus of dancer, singer and choreographer Hinton Battle's Synchrocinicity musical in Japan. Jennifer Lopez got her shot at acting in Connie Kaiserman's My Little Girl where she perform a little part as Myra. She was selected as one of choreographer Rosie Perez's fly girls after she won a national competition of about 2,000 contestants. Lopez whose hip-hop dance numbers commanded a loyal audience in Fox's in living color, parlayed her new visibility into roles on various T.V series and movies. In Living Colors was the first step for Lopez. Lopez was still living in New York and had to move to L.A. Lopez followed the shows producer Keenan Ivory Wayans "You'll have more money and more experience" advise to stick with the show. While she was shaking her booty during commercial on Living Color, one of her co-workers whose husband was writing and producing South Central for Fox suggested her for a part. Lopez was seen as a recurring character here. The show was practically over before it started. Melinda Lopez character which Lopez portrayed in CBS second chance co-starring Connie Selleca and Megan Fallows was so popular that it was continued on Aaron Spelling series Malibu Road. She refused the development deal which was offered by CBS because she wanted a film career. Lopez introduced her talent to top film-makers with the movie Mi Famillia. Following this movie she jumped on Joseph Ruben's Money Train. Although, senator Bob Dole urged Americans to boycott the film and the co-stars Woody Harrison and Wesley Snipes were trashed by critics. Lopez left the train with victory where she got on as "Grace Santiago". Later on Lopez co-starred as Robin Williams latina teacher in the movie Jack. Despite having previously worked in Mi Famillia, Gregory Nava asked Lopez to audition as a part of nationwide search in Selena. No stranger to the pressures of audition the former dancer came in, nailed her mark and won the role. Jennifer Lopez thrust into spot light with her performance in this movie and increased her Hollywood stock considerably. The film succeeded despite some grumbly in the Mexican-American community that Lopez was of Puerto Rican decent. 5'6" Lopez who has a yen for pizzazz from childhood has made a terrific start as star-crossed Selena with donning plenty of sequins and spandex. Selena marked a new beginning for Lopez in more than just career terms. In the wrap party of the movie In San Antonio, Lopez's boyfriend Ojani Noa took the microphone and proposed on the dance floor. The couple married in early 1997. Lopez found out for sure that she had achieved stardom when false rumors of her divorce where printed in mainstream newspapers after only two months of marriage. But, they divorced after a year in fact. Jennifer Lopez ranked 16th on the People Magazine's 1997's 50 most beautiful people list. Lopez ended Jim Carrey's Liar Liar's spring box office sovereignty with her movie Anaconda. She revisited the same genie in the fall where she appeared opposite Sean Penn in Oliver Stones U-Turn.. Lopez beat out a bevy of A-list actresses to land a role in Out of Sight. Lopez who had signed a lucrative deal with Sony music after an intense bidding war will be next seen in Ants.

Political and Cultural Seeds of the Civil Rights Movement essays

Political and Cultural Seeds of the Civil Rights Movement essays Officially beginning in 1929, The Great Depression hit Americans hard, crossing all ethnic, racial, and social barriers. Northern and southern businessmen, urban and rural working classes, men and women alike faced difficult economic battles during this time. As the nation struggled to recover, African Americans relied on their self taught cooperation that had helped them endure the recovery from slavery to make many political and cultural strides throughout the 1930's and 1940's. The surge in overall African American pride was the perfect precursor to the Civil Rights movement of the 1950's. In the south, black farmers suffered the most from the Depression. As the demand for cash crops such as sugar and cotton fell, suppliers increased the amount produced in order to compensate. This resulted in excess supply and a corresponding plummet in value. Black sharecroppers all across the south were on the verge of starvation. Many farmers joined the migration to cities of the north in search of jobs. This created overcrowding and increased competition for jobs. In the years of The Depression, whites were forced into what was once considered "Negro" jobs. Unemployment among black men in cities such as Chicago rose to as high as forty percent in 1934. Black women also suffered greatly as employers drastically lowered their wages. Even the few upper-class black businessmen were filing for bankruptcy. As economic disparity transcended class and gender of African Americans, President Hoover failed to provide any significant assistance to the impoverished and blacks were forced to rely on each other for help. In essence, the downfall of the economy led to black assimilation that eventually led to the political and cultural achievements of the 1930s and 1940s. In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt was elected President. To remedy the Depression, Roosevelt supported the unemployed through governmental relief. The Agricultural Adjustment ...

Morale in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Morale in the Workplace - Essay Example In the workplace, employee morale can best be defined as the emotional state of a person or group as exhibited by confidence, cheerfulness, and overall willingness to perform assigned tasks. In today's business world, managerial professionals must come to recognize the psychological principles guiding human behavior. Oftentimes, the emotional needs of an employee are substantial drivers for motivation and commitment. If these needs are not sufficiently acknowledged, diminished commitment to long-term employment and decreased productivity are often the end result. Thus, the implication is for modern business leadership to recognize the employee as more than simply a paid laborer, but as a vital resource to securing business performance. As such, corporate management must consistently work toward mutually-beneficial peer/subordinate relationships and formulate methods to increase employee morale for the sake of preserving a harmonious, productive work environment. High employee morale can be linked to higher levels of corporate profitability as well as creating an effective, cohesive team of internal professionals who find adequate satisfaction with their job functions. Low employee morale can lead to substantially decreased motivation to perform as well as costing an organization substantial financial resources to combat high employee turnover rates. Esteem needs and self-esteem are universal human requirements, suggesting that every individual desire to feel important, needed, useful and respected.

Kantian Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kantian Philosophy - Essay Example In my attempt to delineate what is universal and empirical in Kant’s philosophical though and inquiry, I shall explore the connection between happiness and goodness and provide a logical analysis on my part to clearly show how a certain thing can be empirical or universal. At the same time, I shall work on the idea of reason in influencing how happiness and goodness work in relation to the universal and the empirical. Principle of a good will is important because it determines the extent and the scope of what might be the effect and the accomplishments of it. Having such condition, it can be considered that goodness may be considered universal depending on the purpose behind it. Having that said, one can observe that a good intention may or may not result into something beneficial even if helping can be considered morally good in its own right. People will always work out the presumptions that surround goodwill. This is where things can be considered to be jumping out the univ ersal condition that Kant tries to achieve. However, one cannot disregard the fact that inclinations are subjective which can devalue the universal condition. I would like to draw a connection between Kant’s notions towards happiness which can be connected to how the universality of a certain will can be considered absurd. Desire is one of the key concepts that Kant has put into place as he provides reasoning on how happiness works. 4 Possibly, it is a natural phenomenon experienced by people since it is natural and universal to show desire. However, the very subjectivity of it limits it be observable in the case of an individual and cannot be considered to be highly applicable in most cases. Variations then emerge. How does reason gives a condition to attain both of the phenomena? Goodness and Happiness are both subjective but reason has a certain conditioning it imposes on it to allow to materialize universally and empirically. However, Kant points out that duty has a certa in influence on how happiness and goodness can be achieved. Reasoning provides the condition where duty cannot be considered universal or far from universal due to the inherent personal will that a person imposes on duty. 5 The subjectivity that has emerged from it became the influential condition as to how one may argue that goodness and happiness are done. Goodness is seen based on how a person does not want to abuse another person; however, there is still a personal bias that there is a way to look for happiness in the manner of achieving goodness. Analytically, it can be seen that happiness and goodness cannot be separated. The universality of it, presumably, can be seen on how people feel it and act on it. Its practical use is already universal in its own right. It just becomes empirical as the experiences of it vary accordingly to contexts. Extensively, it can be seen that goodness is inherent in humans because of reasoning that there is a need to keep things on order and by d oing so, happiness is achieved. This becomes a highly synthetic and a dual paradigm of action. One may act for both goodness and happiness with separating it. The very manner of acting the happiness and goodness is already universal in its own right since it people have a moral inclination to do such. Experiences are the ones that make the universality empirical since it is even safe to say that Kant’s philosophy is relatively individualistic in nature. In this case, will become one of the most important conditions since its imperativeness make it part of practical and universal thought. Will is

Design and Entrepreneurship Schools of Strategy - Comparative Analysis Research Paper

Design and Entrepreneurship Schools of Strategy - Comparative Analysis - Research Paper Example Strategy formation is establishing a fit between the strengths and weaknesses of an organization and the opportunities available in its external environment.   Christensen, Andrews, Bower, Hamermesh and Porter (1982) are among the major proponents for the design school strategy The model of strategy formation of the design school is one in which leaders seek to attain a fit between an organization’s internal capabilities and the possibilities external to the organization (i.e., the need to bring together the organization’s internal state with its external expectations). The design school model proponents place primary emphasis on the appraisals of the external and internal situations.   Appraising the external situations is accomplished by uncovering the threats and opportunities in the environment.   Appraising the internal situations is accomplished by revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the organization (Wang 2008, p. 643). The external environment includ es technological, economic, social and political aspects of a company’s environment and also includes issues of forecasting and scanning.   The design school proponents also consider the role played by managerial values and organizational social responsibility important in the process of strategizing.   Mintzberg et al (1998) provided a diagram detailing the process in the design school. Rumelt (1997), one of the proponents of this school, proposed a framework to evaluate strategy making.   In his framework, a formulated strategy should be consistent in terms of the goals and policies of the organization and must be adaptive to the changes in the organization’s environment. Rauch et al (2004) examined this framework through collected empirical evidence and found that the framework has a positive effect on strategic outcomes. The proponents of the entrepreneurial school focus on the leader and his vision. The central construct of the entrepreneurship school is a vision: a mental representation of strategy created or at least expressed in the head of the leader.

The Mask Of Apollo - Review Essay -- essays research papers

"The Mask of Apollo" revolves around the adventures of Nikeratos, a young actor who travels the countryside of ancient Greece and Sicily while performing in various plays. In one play, Kadmos by Sophokles the Younger, Nikeratos is required to wear an old mask of Apollo as part of his costume. The mask is fifty years old and is rumored to bring good luck. Nikeratos is impressed with the mask and comes to believe that it possesses special powers. He begins to make reverent gestures toward it as when he places a bay-sprig above it and sprinkles drops of wine on the floor in front of it. During one performance of the play a battle breaks out with a neighboring town. As the actors continue performing, Nikeratos touches the mask for luck and promises to make an offering to Apollo if the god helps him get through the scene. The superstitious townspeople spotting Nikeratos in the mask begin calling on Apollo to help them win the battle. In the end they are successful in their fight. From this point forward Nikeratos carries the mask with him and defers to it when he needs guidance. Accounts of Greek history are dispersed throughout the book with the politics of the ancient Greek world of Syracuse playing a major role in the story. Nikeratos attempts to ignore politics as he sees himself as an actor who is separate from the government scene. Through his travels in various plays however, he finds himself being pulled into the civil turmoil by his relationships with the p...

Circuit City Essay

1). Which of the three approaches to accounting for extended warranty and service contracts is most consistent with the actual substance of a sales transaction involving equipment and an extended warranty contract? Approach number one, the Full revenue recognition is the most consistent due to the reasons which are demonstrated on exhibit two according to the Financial Accounting concept No.5. As stated in this exhibit, Revenues must be both realized and earned prior to the recognition. In this case, after selling the goods and services Circuit city at that point of sale both revenue and earnings have been realized because goods have exchanged hands. At this point of time, even though the cost services haven’t been used, there is a clear agreement and assurance that the necessary services will be rendered during the period of the warranty Further in exhibit 2 it states four key components which justifies that the Full Revenue Approach is the best match of the sale of product a nd extended warranty because at the time of sale an entity will be considered to have substantially completed the earning process if: 1). It incurs the selling cost 2). It has established service network, which is there for the most part to provide the customers with the service associated with the manufacturer’s warranty. 3). Relatively few customers call for service during the extended period 4). Estimates can be made with relative certainty as to future costs to be incurred under the extended warranty. Under these facts, Circuit city had met all the qualifications to report their revenues as they did. The system was in place and the reporting of revenues didn’t seem to have any discrepancies. The information users (Share holders) seem to be happy with the results. Concurrently the profitability of the company as a whole appears to be fully maximized. 2).Why is this revenue reporting strategy is an issue to Circuit stores Inc? There is couple of reasons why senior vice president Michael Chalifoux is concerned: 1). He is concerned because if the proposed accounting reporting method goes to effect, there will be a delay on full rec ognition of revenue and income until the exhaustion of the warranty which will result lower income reported. Lower revenue reports do not reflect well on businesses especially when they had previously shown signs of growth. The reasons might be understood internally, but not externally. 2). Vice president is also concerned about the negative impact  on shareholder’s equity which would be significant in the merchandising industry. By showing low revenue earnings, some of the big companies who act as suppliers might be hesitant to do business with Circuit City because the chain might not be able to move their product as fast they anticipated. Such a change will cause a major loss of revenue which might cause the chain to gout of business. 3). If the company starts to show low income earnings, that change might cause second thought for the investors. Such suspicions cause investors not to invest in the business with confidence. Such a shift drives the stock market prices which may force the company to sell its shares at a lower cost. 3). What would be the effects on Circuit City stores financial statements if FASB requires them to change accounting for extended warranty and product maintenance contracts? 1). There will be definitely a change on reported revenue which is going to be lower that if the company had continued to report as previously. The change might cause a shake up within the company accounting department and the share holders, however it is my strong feeling that things will level out eventually. Even though sometimes change is difficult, Michael Chalifoux needs to have a very clear communication with the shareholders and the internal associates so they know what impact will the change bring. 4).What would Michael Chalifoux do? If the strategies of reporting are in place and there is no bleach of financial reporting in any way, shape or form, Michael does not have to change and adopt the new proposed reporting strategy. On the other side, if Circuit city is under the direction of FASB as a business entity, it is subject to the rules and regulations thereof. If it comes down to that FASB requires the reporting system to be changes, the vice president should do as proposed. In the long run it will be beneficial for the company public image. If the company goes to approach #2 which is full deferral of revenue, it will take couple years and things will level back again.

Mary Lou Retton, Olympic Gymnastics Champion

Mary Lou Retton (born January 24, 1968) won a gold medal for the United States in  womens Olympic gymnastics in 1984. She was the first American woman to win gold in the all-around event, and she won the most Olympic medals of any athlete at the 1984 Games. She also was known for her warm style, enthusiastic personality, iconic pixie haircut, and a more muscular build than many other female gymnasts. Fast Facts: Mary Lou Retton Known For: Gold-medal-winning U.S. Olympic GymnastBorn: January 24, 1968 in Fairmont, West VirginiaParents: Ronnie Retton and Lois RettonPublished Work: Mary Lou Rettons Gateways to Happiness: 7 Ways to a More Peaceful, More Prosperous, More Satisfying LifeAwards and Honors: Five Olympic gymnastics medals, including one goldSpouse: Shannon Kelley (divorced)Children: Shayla,  McKenna, Skyla, EmmaNotable Quote: You give up your childhood. You miss proms and games and high school events, and people say its awful...I say it was a good trade. You miss something but I think I gained more than I lost. Early Life Mary Lou Retton was born on Jan. 24, 1968, in Fairmont, West Virginia. She was the youngest of five children. Her father Ronnie Retton played basketball in college and was a minor league baseball player. Her mother Lois signed up Mary Lou for dance classes when she was 4, then enrolled her and her older sister in gymnastics classes at West Virginia University. She didnt have to be pushed into working out.  I would sleep in my leotard on Friday nights because I was so excited about gymnastics on Saturday mornings, Retton told Texas  Monthly magazine writer Skip Hollandsworth. She later remembered at age 4 watching Olga Korbut skate in the 1972 Olympics for the Soviet Union and identifying with her courage and vigor. Four years later, it was Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci who caught her eye, inspiring dreams of Olympic gold. Preparing to Compete By the age of 12, Retton had become dedicated to gymnastics and was competing in national and international competitions. Her parents allowed her to move to Houston, Texas when she was 14 to study and train with gymnastics coach Bela Karolyi, a Romanian defector who had previously coached Comaneci. She lived with the family of a fellow student and finished high school via correspondence courses while training 8-10 hours a day. She enjoyed the rigorous gymnastics schedule and flourished under Karolyis coaching. Retton stood out physically from many of the other female gymnasts. She was muscular, a change from the petite athletes that fans were accustomed to seeing in competition, even at the highest levels of the sport. One month after beginning her training with Karolyi, Rettons team went to Madison Square Garden in New York, New York, for the McDonalds American Cup Competition. She wasnt ranked high enough to be invited but she went as a substitute. One of her teammates got injured and Karolyi put in Retton. She won the competition and set a meet record, putting her in contention for the 1984 Olympics only two years away. Competition By 1984, Retton had won 14 all-around competitions in a row and was expected to compete in the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. She was then 16 years old. The Soviet Union and most of its allies were boycotting the Games in response to the United States boycott of the 1980 Olympics. About six weeks before the games were to start, Retton suffered a major knee injury, which turned out to be torn cartilage. She and her parents opted for minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery, which enabled Retton to walk immediately and to begin training after just one week of physical therapy. In the weeks before the Games, Retton would lie in bed, her eyes closed, imagining each piece of equipment and each routine and performing perfectly. Then she imagined receiving the gold medal with The Star-Spangled Banner booming around her. Olympic Showdown Sometimes, creative visualization works. At the Olympics, she won the gold medal in womens gymnastics for the all-around competition. The win was dramatic. Coming into the last event, she was barely behind Ecaterina Szabo of Romania. Retton approached her event, the vault, needing a 9.95 out of 10 to tie Szabo for the gold medal, and a perfect score of 10 to win it outright. She scored a 10. Olympic rules required that she perform another vault, although her first score still would count. So she landed another perfect 10. In addition to the gold medal in the all-around event, Retton won an individual silver for the vault, a bronze for the uneven bars, another bronze for the floor exercise, and another silver as part of the team competition. The five medals were the most for any athlete at the 1984 Olympic Games. Legacy Following her retirement from gymnastics in 1985 after winning her third American Cup title, Retton briefly attended the University of Texas at Austin. She married Shannon Kelley, whom she had met in college, in 1990, and they had four daughters: Shayla,  McKenna, Skyla, and Emma. She made many commercials, appeared in several movies and television shows, and was a popular speaker. Among the other recognition, Mary Lou Retton was the first woman to be featured on the front of a Wheaties box and she became a spokeswoman for the cereal brand. Through the many accolades and honors, she retained her fresh and perky personality and continued to convey a sense of being the girl next door. She was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 1997. Sources Retton, Mary Lou. Mary Lou: Creating an Olympic Champion. Hardcover, First Edition edition, McGraw-Hill, September 1, 1985. Retton, Mary Lou. Mary Lou Rettons Gateways to Happiness: 7 Ways to a More Peaceful, More Prosperous, More Satisfying Life. Hardcover, Broadway, April 4, 2000. Retton, Mary Lou. The Olympic Dream and Spirit Volume 1: Stories of courage, perseverance and dedication. Mary Joe Fernandez, Bela Karolyi, et al., Paperback, Cross Training Pub, November 1, 1999. Retton, Mary Lou. Encyclopedia, The Gale Group, Inc., 2004.

The 15 Most Popular Inventors

Frankenstein and the Enlightenment - 2252 Words

Mary Shelly’s novel, Frankenstein, can be greatly related to many horror novels, no consideration of morality or thought. Shelly writes her story in a real world perspective showing themes of corruption and downfall making it seem frighteningly realistic. It truly is mind-boggling how research can conflict with religion without a thought or care. During the enlightenment, science began to mask over faith and religion, creating a cultural phenomenon. This is still a factor in today’s world. Although experimenting and research can have poor and great affects, the common question comes to mind, â€Å"even though it can be done, should it be done?† While Shelly talks of science and technology, it seems to become more predominate that not all†¦show more content†¦His classes are like torture and his professors seem to almost taunt him with their scientific theories. Just in a blink of an eye, trying to forget the monster soon turns into fearing the monster. M urders begin to take place and Victor is at a loss. He’s tossed between whether to tell someone of his creation or to keep it a secret, who would believe him anyway? Through the murders, Shelly displays in her novel how women were passive in the eighteenth century. Elizabeth and his father contact Victor for him soon to find that his younger brother William had been murdered. He is shocked and upset, already unstable. A girl by the name Justine Moritz has been framed for the murder, having a picture of Caroline Frankenstein that William had on him before the murder. Victor finds out later in the novel that his creation had murdered his brother. While searching for food in the woods, he comes across a girl who seems like she is drowning and saves her; this was Justine. He then runs into William to find that he is Victor’s brother. Angered by this, he strangles William and takes the picture of Caroline Frankenstein out of his pocket, placing it in Justine’s dress. After Justine was framed for William’s murder, she comes to talk to Elizabeth. She tells her story and Elizabeth truly believes that Justine had nothing to do with the murder of William. Victor still does not speak up about the monster he created and Justine was executed. The onlyShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Enlightenment In Frankenstein835 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the period when Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was published was a complicated time period with a lot of change happening throughout the European world. Much of the change during this time period can be attributed to the thoughts and works of individuals during the Age of Enlightenment. Consequently, many of the ideas and theories that were expressed during the Age of Enlightenment are found throughout Shelley’s gothic novel. Furthermore, the Age of Enlightenment impacted the events depicted in MaryRead MoreInfluence Of Enlightenment In Frankenstein1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of â€Å"Franke nstein†, by Mary Shelley is about a scientist Victor Frankenstein who creates a monster. â€Å"I began the creation of a human being† (Shelley 54). Frankenstein was influenced by the natural philosophers of the prior generations. Frankenstein was among the enlightenment scientists that belied that the natural world has the answers to all the mystery in the world. They conducted various studies of the natural world and humanity to understand everything about how the universe and GodRead MoreEnlightenment Philosophy in Frankenstein Essay1882 Words   |  8 Pagesability, importance, and appearance. It is practiced by placing oneself at the center of his or her world. 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Americans perpair for war Free Essays

The Germans started launching attacks on American ships. Then they proposed a threat on the United States and then we declared war. B) Yes because we shouldn’t have hushed Into anything and we did something about the boat attacks by making an agreement and then they proposed a threat and then we came Into the war for a good cause. We will write a custom essay sample on Americans perpair for war or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. A) President Wilson Formed The Committee on Public Information (ICP). The ICP did a lot by organized rallies and parades and published posters and pamphlets. They reposed The Espionage Act of 1 917 and the Sedition act of 1918. They got crop for the troops by paying farmers to plant all their land and sell them the crops. People at home had to conserve food and practice â€Å"meatless Mondays, hatless Wednesdays† and they planted their own vegetables in Unicorn Gardens† B) The ICP organized rallies and parades and published pamphlets and posters etc. They also had speakers know as â€Å"four-minute men† who gave short patriotic speeches In many places to get people to Join the war. C) The government raised taxes and issued war bonds: the U. S. War bonds and Liberty bonds provided billions of dollars in loans to the Allies. The War Industries Board (WBI) saw the production distribution of copper, steel, cement, and rubber so people couldn’t get what they needed. 3. A) One million women joined the U. S. Workforce during the few years of the war. Women worked as nurses, telephone operators, signaled, typists, and interpreters In France. Women couldn’t get Jobs in combat but they braved gunfire. B) Because of all the men fighting In battle the factories had fewer workers so all he new job opportunities Mexican Americans took. Because labor was so scarce workers demanded better wages and conditions so they went on strike, they established a minimum wage and limited work hours and gave women fair pay. 4. Separate sheet of paper. 5. They were attacking our allies and destroying our ships that were caring supplies to our allies, and the Germans started attacking ships without warning. In 191 5 a German U-boat sank a British passenger line killing 128 Americans, this did not pass ell with the Americans. Germans proposed a threat to the U. S. And that was It the American public was an outraged by the telegram then we declared war. B) Yes because we shouldn’t have hushed into anything and we did something then we came into the war for a good cause. Proposed The Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition act of 1918. They got crop for speeches in many places to get people to Join the war. C) The government raised taxes and issued war bonds; the U. S. AR bonds and A) One million women Joined the U. S. Rockford during the few years of the war. Women worked as nurses, telephone operators, signaled, typists, and interpreters in France. Women couldn’t get Jobs in combat but they braved gunfire. How to cite Americans perpair for war, Papers

Importance of Internal Communication-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Internal Communication challenges and the issues that the company faces. Answer: Introduction: organisational background The workplace and the working environment these days are changing and results in tighter schedule, longer working hours, greater workload, tough competition etc. The nature of the workplace and the overall environment creates a pressure on the employees and the overall organisation to work in teams. The team work also calls for better communication at the internal level (Karanges, et al. 2015). This is the study that deals with the communication challenges that the company faces and these challenges are concentrated to the internal environment of the company. As this is the company having various business units thus it requires a strong communication channel to communicate. The communication channels that the company is using are telephones, emails, notice boards, circulars and face to face meetings. It is required to analyse these communication channels so that the weakness in the same can be identified. The identification of the weakness helps in making the improvement in the alrea dy existing internal communication channels. Business issues: The business issue that is identified in this company is related to non-effective internal communication. It has been discussed that the business operates with six business units and thus require great communication channel. It has been realised that the company is using various channels but still facing some of the challenges that needs to be face and overcome by the company to make the things better at the workplace (Men, 2014). This is because the inefficient communication does not affect the employees but also affects their performance and the motivation level to perform for the company. It has been analysed that most of the people in the organisation feel motivated when there is effective communication inside the organisation. This is because the organisation has many business units and it is required to communicate the information from one unit to another. As discussed that the company has many business units and their work is also aligned thus it is required to have a better c ommunication between all the business units. Literature review: Humans are the social animals and thus they have to communicate with each other. For this communication, the people have developed the languages as the means for sharing their view and the opinions (Welch, 2015). Barriers to this communication can also arise at any of the stages of the communication and these barriers results in confusion and misunderstanding between the two parties who are involved in the interaction. In terms of organisational point of view, it has been realised that internal communication is the very important aspect of the organisations. There is lot of information that needs to be shared amongst the employees in the organisations. If the person or the employee is good in communication then it becomes easy for the individual to share their opinions and views in the organisational and this develop a confidence amongst the employees if their opinions are heard carefully (Malhotra Ackfeldt, 2016). The major focus of this case is the internal communication that is occurring in the organisation. There are there major aspects that are covered in the literature review; the first one of the internal communication, the second one is the internal communication measurement and the last one of the internal communication channels that has been used in the organisation (Heide Simonsson, 2014). Discussion of all the three parts is very important as each of them are related to each other and are relevant to be discussed to analyse the internal communication issues. Internal communication: Internal communication of the organisation does not only include the official communication but also includes the informal and unofficial communication of the organisation. Official communication in any of the organisation can be done as per the policies and the procedures of the organisation. Unofficial communication can be termed as the communication that deals with the conversation or the information sharing process that occurred between the employees of the company. The internal communication has four dimensions in the organisation (Welch Jackson, 2007). The first dimension is internal line management, the second one is internal team peer communication, the third one is internal project peer communication and the last one is internal corporate communication. Internal line management is the communication between the managers and their subordinates (Zondi Cassim, 2015). Internal team peer communication is the communication that is in the form of the team meetings and discussions. Internal project peer communication is the type of communication that occurs between the employees who works in a single project. The last one is the most formal communication that is the internal corporate communication. This communication happens between top management and the employees of the company and it is considered as the one way communication (Elving, 2005). These 4 dimension of the internal communication in the organisation focus on rotating the information in the al the direction and the areas of the study. Effective communication at the organisation leads to enhancement in innovation level of the employees, improved and increased productivity and in turn results in organisation success. Internal communication management: Management of the internal communication at the organisation is the very important aspect and the function to be conducted. Their process of management includes participation of the people in the right direction along with the content and the communication itself. All these aspects are directly influenced and affected by the hierarchical structure of the company (Jablin Putnam, 2000). The human capital of the organisation is the very important tool for making the communication better. It has been realised that lack of trust is the major issue that the company faces from the employees side when any of the communication is made. Internal communication measurement: In order to analyse the issues in the internal communication of the organisation, it is required to measure the communication process that is currently being used by the company. It is very much important for the organisations that have invested recently in their communication portal or launched a new one (Smidts, Pruyn Van Riel, 2001). The term measurement can be perceived by many different aspects. It has been realised that the communication can be measured with different sides. The one is measuring the employees in terms of their needs and the other one is measuring the output of the communication department of the company. This helps in justifying the investment that has been made on the communication process. The third one is tracking of the communication channels that have been used by the company. The last measurement can be done in the context of the content that is being delivered or communicated as there should be no modifications in the content from the sender to the rece iver (Zondi Cassim, 2015). Audits are considered as the most feasible tool for measuring the internal communication. Communication audits are parallel to other audits and thus have some of the common characteristics like accrual of information, development of management system, etc. the similar approach can be applied in the communication audit as well (Smidts, Pruyn Van Riel, 2001). Along with the process of auditing, other methods like surveys of the employees can be conducted in order to analyse the attitude and the behaviour of the people or the employees towards the communication process. It does not only helps in measuring the satisfaction level of the employees also measures the commitment level of the employees towards the organisation. Internal communication channels: With the advancement in the technology, it has been realised that world is getting very small these days. The introduction and advances of the technology along with the existing ones opens a path for the organisation to make use of the same as the internal communication channels in the firm. It helps the organisation to ignore the issues like time and geographical distances. The most common channels the companies use are face to face meetings, telephone, computer based transfers and videoconferences (Kalla, 2005). Along with these four, the companies can also make use of newsletters, fax, billboards, messages etc. for sharing the information. Media richness is the major topic that has been discussed in many literatures these days. Impact of poor communication: Poor communication at the internal level of the company affects the people and their performance a lot. If there is no effective communication then the actions cannot be completed as they are intended to be (Jo Hatch Schultz, 1997). It has been realised that if the different departments of the company are not in touch with each other and the managers are not sharing the information to the subordinates then it becomes very difficult for the people to work and understand the process. In addition to it, poor communication also results in deviated decision making. Decisions making is the most important part of the organisation and if the decision are not correct and not being circulated properly because of the poor communication then there is no use of making the decisions. It has been analysed that communication is the most important part not only in the organisation in the overall society (Zondi Cassim, 2015). This is because if the effectiveness of the communication decreases then i t results in misunderstandings. It is required to conduct the research in order to analyse the issues of communication in the organisation so that the improvement strategies can be implemented on the same. This helps in rectifying the problems that can occur because of inefficient communication. Research questions: This is the section of the report that deals with the questions that needs to be answered after the research (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). This section also helps in providing the base to the research. The overall research revolves around these questions only. Following are some of the most relevant questions that are related to this research. What are the internal communication tools that are used by the company? What are the challenges that the company is facing in internal communication? What are the impacts of poor communication at the workplace? What are the improvements methods that the company can use in order to improve the communication internally? Research methodology: This is the section that gives the clear idea about the overall research and the methods that are being used to conduct the research (Smith, 2015). This part of the research clearly defines the structure of the overall research and act as the blueprint or the guideline for the researcher. Defining the elements of this section allow the researcher to conduct the research very easily. Sampling: It is the method that has been used for selecting the sample out of the population. The sample needs to be targeted for conducting the research (Bryman Bell,2015). The sampling method that can be used here in this research is cluster sampling. It is the sampling method in which the samples are divided into the group and the member from each groups are selected on random basis. In this research the sample from various departments such as operations, human resource, marketing, finance department, customer care and resource department. Sample size: Sample size can be defined as the number that needs to be used on which the research needs to be conducted. It is the most crucial part of the research as it is he only as sample is the one on which the whole research is dependent (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). Sample size for this research is 40. Operations: 10 people Human resource: 3 people Marketing: 10 people Finance: 6 people Customer care: 3 people Resource department: 8 people Research methods: There are two types of research methods that are quantitative and qualitative. It has been realised that in this research, qualitative methods are being used. This is because it results in in depth research about the causes and effects of the problem (Flick, 2015). In terms of conducting the qualitative study tow of the methods can be used for gathering the content. These two methods are: Literature review: it is the technique that helps in analysing the content or the studies that has already been conducted regarding the topic (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). It has been realised that reviewing the literature helps the researcher to develop an in depth understating about the topic. This also provides him the direction of his own research. This is the data collection method that is secondary in nature. This is because the data that has been collected from the literature review is used to support the primary data and it is already presented in the secondary sources. Interviews: Interview is another important method that can be used in this research to gather the information or collect the data (Ledford Gast, 2018). It has been analysed that the interviews will be conducted in the companys conference hall for 3 days. It will take around 20 minutes to conduct an overall interview. The researcher will ask open ended questions with the employees and the employees have to give the answers to the same. It is the primary source of data as the data collected from the interviews are updated and very new. Data analysis: Data analysis techniques are used to analyse the data that has been gathered by the data collection tool. The tool that has been used in this research is content analysis. Content analysis helps in analysing the content that has been gathered by the data collection tools. This is the easiest and the suitable option to analyse the data from literature review and interviews. Ethical considerations: The ethical considerations in this research are related to the data collection methods. As the data needs to be collected from the interview thus the information and the details of the participants should be kept safe and shouldnt be leaked.it is required to make the participants clear about the topic of the research and the purpose of the research as well. This clarity is very important to get the answers of the questions asked in the interview (Panneerselvam, 2014). Any irrelevant question should not be asked with the participants and the dignity and decorum of the formal interview should be maintained. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the report that internal communication is the very important part of the organisational communication and it is crucial to have the effective communication process in the organisation at the internal level. There is lot of information that needs to be shared amongst the employees in the organisations. If the person or the employee is good in communication then it becomes easy for the individual to share their opinions and views in the organisational and this develop a confidence amongst the employees if their opinions are heard carefully. The major focus of this case is the internal communication that is occurring in the organisation. There are there major aspects that are covered in the literature review; the first one of the internal communication, the second one is the internal communication measurement and the last one of the internal communication channels that has been used in the organisation. Discussion of all the three parts is very important as ea ch of them are related to each other and are relevant to be discussed to analyse the internal communication issues. This report clearly defines the methods that need to be used in order to conduct the overall research along with the ethical considerations. References: Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Elving, W. J. (2005). The role of communication in organisational change.Corporate communications: an international journal,10(2), 129-138. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Heide, M., Simonsson, C. (2014). Developing internal crisis communication: New roles and practices of communication professionals.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,19(2), 128-146. Jablin, F. M., Putnam, L. L. (Eds.). (2000).The new handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods. Sage Publications. Jo Hatch, M., Schultz, M. (1997). Relations between organizational culture, identity and image.European Journal of marketing,31(5/6), 356-365. Kalla, H. K. (2005). Integrated internal communications: a multidisciplinary perspective.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,10(4), 302-314. Karanges, E., Johnston, K., Beatson, A., Lings, I. (2015). The influence of internal communication on employee engagement: A pilot study.Public Relations Review,41(1), 129-131. Ledford, J. R., Gast, D. L. (2018).Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Malhotra, N., Ackfeldt, A. L. (2016). Internal communication and prosocial service behaviors of front-line employees: Investigating mediating mechanisms.Journal of Business Research,69(10), 4132-4139. Men, L. R. (2014). Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction.Management Communication Quarterly,28(2), 264-284. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Smidts, A., Pruyn, A. T. H., Van Riel, C. B. (2001). The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification.Academy of Management journal,44(5), 1051-1062. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Welch, M. (2015). Dimensions of internal communication and implications for employee engagement. Welch, M., Jackson, P. R. (2007). Rethinking internal communication: a stakeholder approach.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,12(2), 177-198. Zondi, S., Cassim, N. (2015). Internal communication challenges and issues: a case study of transnet freight rail business unit coal, vryheid (kwazulu natal province, south africa).Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,4(6), 105.